History of Indian Carpets

Woolen carpets were known in India as early as 500 B.C. References to woven mats and floor coverings can be found in ancient and medieval Indian literature. But the most famous type of Indian carpets, pile carpets came to India in the reign of Akbar in 16th century.

Carpets of Akbar's Age (1556-1605)
He in 1580A.D. brought certain Persian carpet weavers to India and established them here. The art grew and flourished here. It was modified as per the royal tastes and mixed with the Indian arts. The Persian carpets were thus Indianized. It spread to the whole subcontinent with each area having its own specialties.

From the beginning, wool or silks have been the basic material of the knotted carpets. The wool may have a variety of origins as per the type of carpet being made. Silk knots are also used in Kashmir region. The patterns varied from vines and floral patterns, animal and bird figures and geometric and calligraphic patterns.

Rugs from Akbar's reign used cotton warp and wool pile and color scheme had multiple shades of blues, greens, and other colors on a red base. The patterns were an adaptation of Persian style but latter modified to Indian tastes.


Carpets of Jahangir's Age (1605-27)
Carpets of Jahangir's reign were more refined. Materials like silk and pashmina were used that allowed greater number of knots to be incorporated. Patterns resembled miniature paintings. Subtle gradations, and shadings with yarns were themselves artistic. The patterns were a reflection of manuscript paintings. They were technically refined in both design and construction. The carpets had scrolling vines, flowering plants, and more naturalistic animals in pictorial or overall pattern.


Carpets of Shahjahan's Age (1628-58)
During Shahjahan's reign art of carpets had reached new heights Warps and wefts of fine silk yarns allowed as many as 2,000 knots per square inch. Silk or pashmina piles gave the carpets a velvet like texture. Yarn shading was as sophisticated as in Jahangir's reign. Flowers were now the primary elements of design.


Carpets of Auranzeb (1658 onwards)
Though during the reign of Auranzeb, all crafts saw a downfall of almost all crafts, carpet craft sustained. Reason may be that they were required for all religious purposes. The patterns were primarily floral all over with at times geometric or calligraphic trims.

Chinese and European patterns also influenced the art in their own way. With their mythical characters finding way in the carpets, it can be clearly seen. Calligraphy influenced the carpet craft as it did the other crafts.

Though like all other crafts, carpet making also saw a downfall for sometime, the craft sustained in the traditional families.

The Indian carpets are considered most technically accomplished classical carpets. The carpet weavers over the time have grown artistically. Indian Carpets are renowned for their exquisite designs, elegance, attractive colors and workmanship.

Modern Age
After independence of India, Indian government made many good efforts to develop carpet business in India. There are many regions in Indian where high quality carpets being produced. Pure silk carpets are being produced in Kashmir. Bhadohi carpet belt known in world for low, medium & high quality hand knotted carpets. Jaipur also well known for its special quality carpet. Carpet produced in Agra known as Agra design. All Indian carpet regions have its own specialties.

NAIN Carpet

The NAIN rugs and carpets have curvilinear patterns. They are among the best in the world. The unique characteristic of NAIN rugs and carpets is their single medallion set in a blue or ivory background. The quality of NAIN rugs and carpets vary. Newer ones are extremely good, although NAIN does not have long history in the carpet industry. Due to the considerable demand for NAIN rugs and carpets, there are many Indian and Pakistani imitations on the market. Unfortunately, some dealers are selling them as real NAIN. One of the most famous master weavers in NAIN is HABIBIAN. It is very hard to find real HABIBIAN carpets because of the high demand. Older NAIN rugs and carpets are also hard to find. NAIN carpets come in different sizes, but the majority of them are mid-size (4 x 6 to 8 x 10 feet). You can also find large rugs up to 10 x 18 feet. Ivory and light and dark blue are the main colors for NAIN carpets. You can hardly find a NAIN rug or carpet with a red background. Nain rugs have Soft wool; thin, tight pile. Weavers in NAIN use Persian knots. Persian rug experts use a different measurement called LAA (Farsi word [Official language in IRAN]) exclusively to define the quality of NAIN rugs. LAA means layers and refers to the number of threads forming each fringe at the end of a NAIN rug. The LAA number is an indication of the price. As LAA numbers decrease, the price of NAIN rugs increases. A good quality NAIN is 9 LAA, which means you can count 9 threads on each fringe at the end of the rug. The most expensive NAIN rugs have 4 LAA, which is superfine, very valuable, and difficult to find. The quality of the carpet also depends upon the number of knots, which varies, but averages from around 120 KPSI (30 RAJ) up to 842 KPSI (80 RAJ).

Hisroty of NAIN

NAIN is a small town about 150 km east of ISFAHAN, in the great desert in central Iran. Carpet production is new in NAIN in comparison with cities such as YAZD, ISFAHAN, KASHAN and SHIRAZ. NAIN was a center of fine textiles before WWII, but shifted to manufacturing carpets and rugs after the war. The majority of carpets and rugs produced in NAIN are exported all around the world.

TABRIZ Carpet

TABRIZ rugs and carpets usually have curvilinear patterns. I should also mention that you find some tribal patterns made in surrounding villages that are sold as TABRIZ.

The quality of TABRIZ rugs and carpets varies. The older ones (before 1945) are very good, but some of the newer TABRIZ rugs and carpets have a lower number of Knots Per Square Inch (KPSI) and they are chemically rather than vegetable dyed. TABRIZ rugs and carpets are highly prized because they are one of the best-looking carpets in IRAN and the world.

TABRIZ rugs and carpets come in different sizes. The majority of them are mi-size (4x6 to 8x10 feet). You can also find large rugs up to 10 x 18 feet.

Colors are Dark red and powerful blue colors predominate, with ivory forming a beautiful contrast. Other colors such as soft green and blue and brown are found in newer carpets.

Texture are Soft wool; thin, tight pile.

Foundation: Warps is mostly cotton; wefts is either cotton or wool.

Inspection of the back of the carpet is important because the weavers in TABRIZ use both Turkish and Persian knots knots. The quality of the carpet depends upon the number of knots, which varies, but averages from around 120 KPSI (30 RAJ) up to 842 KPSI (80 RAJ).

The Price of TABRIZ rugs and carpets are among the nicest looking and finest quality carpets. They are therefore in high demand and are more costly then some other carpets. Expect to pay $4-$35 Per Square Foot (PSF) for a carpet from TABRIZ. Keep in mind that, as a rule, the higher the KPSI, the greater is the price.

TABRIZ City:

TABRIZ, the capital of the northwestern province of Azerbaijan, has for centuries enjoyed a great reputation as a center of oriental culture. Its development from a naturally favored oasis at the foot of the volcano Sahand to today's commercial center, along with descriptions of its many artists and craftsmen, could fill many volumes. The tradition that TABRIZ was founded in the 8th century by the wife of Harun al-Rashid does not bear historical scrutiny. The origins of the town stretch far back into antiquity.

Timur (1336-1405)
Shah Ishmail I (1501-1524)
Founder of Safavid Dynasty
Shah Abbas(1587-1629)
All conquered TABRIZ as a fulcrum between east and west and made it into one of the great cities of their empires, but it was in Shah Abbas the Great (1587-1629 CE) that TABRIZ found its most cultured patron.
Typical TABRIZ Food
KOFTEH TABRIZI

The people of TABRIZ have been spared the devastation of war and severe natural catastrophes such as earthquake over the centuries. In the Middle Ages, TABRIZ witnessed a blossoming of the fine arts that influenced the development of carpet design. Manuscript illuminators, silk embroiders, miniature painters and metal workers all inspired the carpet weavers. The early 18th century saw the end of the Safavid Empire and the decline of the town. Craftsmanship fell into decay.

A Carpet Wonder


World’s biggest square Nain Rug

As unique variety of special products and services will be display at Domotex Hannover 2009. There will be an attraction of world’s largest carpet.Visitor to hall 17 will be treated to a special highlight : The world’s biggest square Nain rug. 20x20 meters size. Boasting around 490000 knots per square meter, the rug was hand knotted in a single, continuous piece over six year period. A total of 2,250 kilograms of wool, 300 kilograms of natural silk and 1,280 kilograms of cotton went into the filigree design of this rug. The Nain rug represents a specimen of the finest, richest Iranian knotting tradition based on its materials, technique and composition.

Many Types of Carpet

There are many types of carpets available in the market. This article will help you to choose best carpet for you and for your home. These carpets are different by weaving style.

Cut Pile
The best-selling type of carpet is textured cut pile. Cutting looped carpet fibers at the top creates cut pile with yarn bundles standing straight. Pre-shearing cut pile several times makes a luxurious beautiful look. Cut pile is less resistant to crushing than other types of fiber carpet. Mostly woolen carpets are very popular in this type of weaving style.

Cut and Loop Pile
Cut and loop pile combines cut and looped fibers. It provides a variety of surface textures or sculptured effects for medium durability. Cut and loop pile carpets are available in solid or multiple colors. The different levels in this type of carpet can hide dirt and footprints in formal and informal areas.

Level Loop Pile
Level loop pile is made by weaving even loops of yarn into carpet backing at both ends. This type of carpet is very durable and track resistant because of its strong loops. Higher loops create a more luxurious appearance. Level loop piles with short and densely packed loops are easy to clean. They prevent dirt from filtering into carpet. This type of carpet is good for high traffic areas.

Saxony
Saxony carpets are tightly twisted cut piles that are heatset straight. Saxonies consist of two or more fibers twisted together in a yarn. They provide a soft texture for formal and informal areas. Saxonies show every footprint and vacuum-cleaner mark. These carpets have medium durability. Due to twisted yarn these type of carpet provide a special look to the carpet.

Textured Saxonies
Textures are the best-selling carpets and work well in informal areas (such as family rooms and children's bedrooms) because of its soft feel. Textures are tightly twisted and texture heatset for medium durability. They have a multi-colored look that disguises tracks and footprints.

Velvet/Plush
Velvets/Plushes are lightly twisted and have a uniform color. They are softer and more level than textures. This type of carpet is ideal for formal areas (such as formal living rooms and master bedrooms) because of its luxurious appearance. Velvets/Plushes show every footprint and vacuum-cleaner mark.

Frieze carpet
Frieze is a highly twisted cut pile carpet suited for high traffic, informal areas. It has short fibers that tend to curl in different directions at the surface to hide footprints and vacuum marks.

Berber
Berbers are increasing in popularity faster than any other type of carpet. Berbers limit footprints and vacuum tracks in informal areas. Berbers can have thicker yarns than other level loop pile carpets for high durability. These loops can retain dirt and may be damaged from snags. Berbers come in expensive wool fibers or less expensive nylon, olefin, or nylon-olefin fibers.

Hand Woven
Woven carpet is produced on a loom that is very similar to woven cloth, being cut pile. There are numerous different colored yarns being used and the whole process is capable of producing very intricate patterns from designs that are pre-determined. Generally, woven is the highest quality of carpet available.

Hand Tufted
This type of carpet is produced on a tufting machine by using either a single colored or sometimes a non colored yarn. If non colored is being used, then the carpet will be dyed or printed with a design as a separate process. Carpets that are tufted can either be cut pile, loop pile, or a combination of both. Machines can produce a lot more meters of carpet than weaving, and they are usually at the lower end of the market.

Needlefelt
The needlefelt type of carpet is a bit more technologically advanced. They are produced by electrostatic attraction of individual fibers that form a unique carpet with extremely high durability. You can normally find needlefelt carpet in the contract market such as in hotels or other places where there is always going to be a lot of traffic.

Flatweave
The flatweave carpet is created by interlocking warp and weft threads. The types of oriental flatwoven carpet include soumak, plain weave, and tapestry weave. This type is not well known in the North American region, although it is very popular in the orient and Japan.

Hooked rug
This is a simple construction of rug that is handmade by pulling strips of cloth such as wool or cotton through the meshes of a very sturdy fabric. Now, this type of rug is generally known as a handicraft.

Knotted pile
With knotted pile carpets, the structural weft threads will alternate with a supplementary weft that will rise from the surface of the weave at a perpendicular angle.

Shaggy
These carpets are same a woven carpet. But it have long fibers. Due long fibers it looks like gross and give very soft touch to human body. These type of carpets less durable than other. These carpets are cheaper than other carpets. These are very popular in European countries.

Staple/Synthetic


Staple/Synthetic Carpets
Staple/Synthetic carpets are synthetic hand knotted carpets with a silk feel. They may be designed and patterned in the same way as a silk carpet and present the same aesthetic values. They may be finely knotted with 250 or more knots per square inch. For the purpose of making carpets, six types of synthetic yarns may be used:

Nylon: This is the most popular synthetic carpet fiber. It offers tremendous value, performance, and ease of maintenance. Nylon provides brilliant colors and handles soil and traffic well. They can be acid dyed or chemical dyed. Once converted to fiber

Polypropylene (Olefin): This fiber is extremely popular in Berbers and level loops. These carpets are highly stain, static, mold, and mildew resistant and can be easily used as indoor or outdoor carpets. Their resistance to matting and crushing are not as good as a nylon fiber.

Polyester: Though polyester lacks the durability of nylon , it offers better color clarity and a soft feel to the carpet. They should be avoided in high traffic areas. They donot have high pile heights. It is manufactured in staple fiber only.

Acrylic: It gives a real wool appeal. It is used mainly in level loops, bath mats, and some velvet carpet styles. It offers good mold and mildew resistance with low static levels. Due to its tendency for pile reversal it is not much used in carpets now a days. Another problem with the fiber is that it burns quickly.

The main carpet producing centre of Staple/Synthetic carpets are Srinagar (Jammu & Kashmir), Agra and Gwalior.

Indian Handcrafts & Gifts Fair -2008

Announcement of India Expo Center

28th February ~ 4th March, 2008
28th February ~ 4th March, 2008

at INDIA EXPO CENTRE, NEW DELHI -GREATER NOIDA EXPRESSWAY

Welcome to an exciting journey of discovery at IHGF - Asia's largest exposition of gifts and handicrafts covering a mammoth 97,000 sq. mts. exhibition area, giving you a really big opportunity to source from staggering 1800 manufacturers & exporters loaded with top quality merchandise.

With an impressive track record of 24 successful shows offering top quality merchandising opportunities, the Indian Handicrafts & Gifts Fair has increased in scale, grown in participation, excelled in show management and has become even more attractive as a sourcing destination.

IHGF Spring 2008 is professionally organised and efficiently run show located at India Expo Centre & Mart - one of the latest & new exhibition complex at New Delhi- Greater Noida Ex-press way ,Greater Noida. It will take about 45 minutes from center of Delhi i.e Conaught Place in the heart of India's capital city, New Delhi.

Here you will find an international buyer's lounge, full communication and transport facilities to make your business discovery enjoyable as well as successful.

Indian Handicrafts and Gifts Fair is brought to you by Export Promotion Council for Handicrafts under the aegis of Development Commissioner (Handicrafts), Ministry of Textiles, Goverment of India. It provides comprehensive information to foreign buyers on the entire range of handicrafts of India and liaisons between Indian handicrafts exporters and foreign buyers.

New Carpet Weaving Machine- by Schönherr

Carpet weaving machine have been developed by Schönherr in the name of Alpha 400 series. They presented their machine at the Domotex trade show in Germany this year.

Domotex Visitors interested in the carpet weaving machines ALPHA 400 EASYSYSTEM. The Schönherr product range offering the latest technology for a variety of applications.

It is a high Efficiency and high speed machine. The ALPHA 400 series carpet weaving machines are state of the art solutions for producing any kind of area rugs and wall-to-wall carpets. Typical applications cover the residential, contract and transportation sector.

Customers from all over the world combined their trip to the trade show with a visit to the German city of Bayreuth where Schönherr and its parent company Stäubli maintain a showroom exposing the new carpet weaving machine ALPHA 400 INNOVATION in operation.

Domotex is a global showcase for carpets, textile and resilient floor coverings plus laminate and parquet flooring. This year it took place from January 12-15 in Hanover, Germany and has set new records.

It drew attendance by more than 47,000 trade visitors from 80 nations and 1,400 exhibitors occupied some 97,000 square meters of display space.

Schönherr will again be present at Domotex Asia, taking place March 11-13, 2008 in Shanghai/China: hall W2, booth 2J16

Tips for buying a carpet

Tips for buying and owning carpet
1-Make sure that the carpet has been graded by an independent carpet grading program such as the Australian Carpet Classification Scheme, the Woolmark/Woolblendmark Scheme, or the Fernmark Scheme.

2-When comparing prices make sure you are comparing apples with apples. Most carpets are priced by the broadloom metre (measures 1 metre by 3.67 metre), but some floor products retailers also price by the square metre. If you are comparing carpet prices to other flooring products – vinyl, ceramic, timber, laminate, etc – remember all these products are priced by the square metre.

3-Ask your retailer about the type of underlay best suited to the carpet and your installation. A good underlay will improve foot comfort, absorb crushing forces, overcome minor imperfections in the floor, and improve thermal and acoustic properties.

4-Talk to the retailer about how the carpet will be installed and ask them to provide a installation plan. Where possible, seams should be away from windows where falling light may exacerbate the joins; seams should be avoided in high traffic walk ways such as corridors and doors; and if carpet is being installed in joining rooms, the carpet’s direction of manufacturing should be the same throughout the house.

5-Make sure you keep record of the manufacturer, the grading registration number, the type of underlay, any warranty information and a small piece of unused carpet.
6-Consider buying a little extra carpet as a reserve to replace damaged areas. If you are carpeting stairs, think about buying enough carpet to recover the stairs in a few years time. On stairs, carpet wears faster than in other areas around the home.

7-Protect your carpet from prolonged periods of direct sunlight with blinds, shades or awnings.

8-On the day the carpet is being installed, and for a day or so after, open as many doors and windows as possible. The carpet needs to ventilate and breathe for a few days after it is installed.
9-If you don’t already have one, buy a good vacuum cleaner. Not only will it remove abrasive soil, (which abrade the base of the carpet pile), but modern cleaners with multi-filter systems will safely remove the finest dust particles.

10-To protect against uneven wear and compression, use furniture caps under the legs of heavy furniture, periodically move your furniture to more evenly distribute carpet wear and place barrier mats at outside doors to trap dirt from shoes.

Everything about carpet and floor coverings

Dear friend,
If you want to know about carpets, rugs and floor coverings. You must visit my website www.nageshbind.com . There you may know the answer your following questions.

1. Type of carpets
2. Type of rugs
3. Type of wools being used in carpets & rugs
4. Where you should purchase a carpet.
5. How you can take care of your carpets
6. Popular carpet titles
and many more....

Kindly send your suggestion if you want any more.
hanks